VLANs....tagged or untagged and PVID

Read a post about tagged, untagged VLAN and PVID.

 

There's two things you can set on the port for VLANs....tagged or untagged and PVID.

 

If the port is set as untagged, then it tells the switch that the device(s) connected to that port are VLAN unaware, so any packet to be forwarded from that port out of the switch must be forwarded with the VLAN tag removed. If the port is set as tagged, then the destination device is VLAN aware, and packets will be forwarded with VLAN tags...so tagged /untagged is for packets leaving the switch.

 

Now for packets arriving at the switch port....if the packet arrives with a VLAN tag , then - providing that port is in the VLAN matching the tag - the packet will be forwarded; so if you have set a server NIC for instance to apply a VLAN ID , then  the packet arriving at the port will be tagged...so in this case you have a VLAN aware device forwarding packets already tagged , so you would configure the port into the appropraite VLAN as a tagged port. Note that if the packet arrives at the port tageed for a VLAN of which  the port is not a member, the switch will drop the packet.

 

If a packet arrives at the port from an end device carrying no VLAN tag, then the switch will add a VLAN tage which corresponds to the PVID, and then forward it within that VLAN; so the PVID mechanisim allows you to have traffic originating from a non-VLAN aware device to become an 802.1q packet, so that it can traverse to other switches and still be contained within the correct VLAN; so PVID is for non tagged packets arriving at a port on the switch.

Change debian console screen resolution

The default console screen size is too small, I found the following way to achieve higher screen resolution.

Edit the /etc/default/grub

Change the following line:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet vga=791"

Then run the command:

# update-grub

Reboot to take effect.

A few more mode can be find here:

GRUB VGA Modes

Deal with 4px extra pixel under image

The problem is that by default the bottom of images are lined up with the baseline of the text — which means the bottom of most letters, but there is still that small space for the bottoms of letters like p and q.

By default vertical-align is set to baseline. All you have to do to fix the problem is set:

a img { vertical-align: bottom; }

Upgrade Redmine 2.0

Step 1. Download Redmine from SVN # svn co http://redmine.rubyforge.org/svn/branches/2.0-stable redmine-2.0 Since Redmine 1.4.0, it is recommend to use Bundler to manage gem dependencies. # gem install bundler Create a symbolic link to /usr/bin # ln -s /var/lib/gems/1.8/bin/bundle /usr/bin/bundle After install Bundler gem, it is required to install a bunch of packages first: # apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev libpq-dev libmagickwand-dev libsqlite3-dev Then you can run the bundle command successfully: # bundle install --without development test

[Draft]Installing Redmine 1.3.1 on Perfect Server Debian 6 (Squeeze) ISPConfig 3

The following is my notes on installing Redmine on Perfect Server Debian 6 with ISPConfig3. If you are ISPConfig3 users and would like to install Redmine, this walk-though maybe helpful. This guide assume you have ISPConfig 3 setup already. ISPConfig is a hosting control panel, you can use it to setup web, email, MySQL database with ease. If you don't know what is ISPConfig, please find the following link: After installed your perfect server and ISPConfig, go ahead to create a client, then a website and database for the new client. Next, download Redmine, extract the archive to /var/lib/redmine, then follow the procedures below. ==Installing Ruby==

apt-get install libapache2-mod-passenger librmagick-ruby1.8 libmysql-ruby rake

The following packages will be installed: Setting up ruby1.8 (1.8.7.302-2squeeze1) ...
Setting up ruby (4.5) ...
Setting up rubygems1.8 (1.3.7-3) ...
Setting up rubygems (1.3.7-3) ...
Setting up librack-ruby1.8 (1.1.0-4) ...
Setting up libjs-jquery (1.4.2-2) ...
Setting up librack-ruby (1.1.0-4) ...
Setting up libjs-prototype (1.6.1-1) ...
Setting up libapache2-mod-passenger (2.2.11debian-2) ...
Setting up librmagick-ruby1.8 (2.13.1-2) ...
Setting up ruby1.8-dev (1.8.7.302-2squeeze1) ...
Setting up libmysql-ruby1.8 (2.8.2-1) ...
Setting up libmysql-ruby (2.8.2-1) ...
Setting up rake (0.8.7-2) ...
==Installing Rails== !!!don't install 3.2.1, it won't work!!!

gem install rails -v=2.3.14

==Setup MySQL== Use ISPConfig to setup a new database **Configure Redmine database** !!!ensure configure are UNIX file format!!!

echo "production: adapter: mysql database: host: localhost username: password: encoding: utf8 schema_search_path: public" > config/database.yml RAILS_ENV=production rake config/initializers/session_store.rb rake generate_session_store RAILS_ENV=production rake db:migrate RAILS_ENV=production rake redmine:load_default_data

==Configure SMTP server== !!!ensure configuration files are UNIX file format!!!

cd /var/lib/redmine/config cp configuration.yml.example configuration.yml vi configuration.yml

!!!If you got 501 error, use the default and changed the delivery_method to sendmail

# default configuration options for all environments default: # Outgoing emails configuration (see examples above) email_delivery: delivery_method: :sendmail smtp_settings: address: !!!Ensure database.yml and configuration.yml permission!!!

chown www-data:www-data database.yml configuration.yml

==Configure Apache2== clientX and webY is created by ISPConfig for client

ln -s /var/lib/redmine/public /var/www/clients/clientX/webY/redmine

In ISPConfig, insert this line in Website -> Options -> Apache Directives

RailsBaseURI /redmine

==Configure LDAP== In Redmine Administration Panel -> LDAP authentication Port: 389 Account: Password: Base DN: CN=Users,DC= On-the-fly user creation: checked Attributes (for Active Directory) Login: sAMAccountName First name: givenName Lastname: sn Email: mail ==Other settings== !!!If Redmine tab Information -> Plugin assets directory writable has error, change the permission for the following directory

chown -R www-data:www-data /var/lib/redmine/public/plugin_assets

Reference http://www.redmine.org/projects/redmine/wiki/HowTo_Install_Redmine_on_Debian_Squeeze_with_Postgresql_Ruby-on-Rails_and_Apache2-Passenger http://www.he1ix.org/2010/08/installing-redmine-on-debianlenny-using-mod_passenger/ http://blog.philippklaus.de/2011/05/redmine-on-debian-squeeze/